Effects of Socioeconomic Status, Health Access, and Employment Insecurity on Chronic Illness Management: The Mediating Role of Perceived Social Support

Abstract

Effective chronic illness management requires more than clinical treatment- it is deeply influenced by social and economic factors. Socioeconomic status (SES), healthcare access, and job insecurity are critical determinants of how individuals manage long-term conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, and asthma. However, the role of psychosocial resources like social support in this context remains underexplored. This study investigates the mediating role of perceived social support in the relationship between SES, access to healthcare, and employment insecurity with self-management behaviors among patients with chronic illnesses. A sample of 600 adults diagnosed with at least one chronic condition was recruited from urban and rural hospitals. Data were collected on income and education (SES), self-reported access to healthcare services, employment security, perceived social support, and chronic illness self-management behaviors (medication adherence, dietary practices, physical activity). Strengthening social support networks can play a critical role in improving chronic disease outcomes, particularly for socially and economically disadvantaged populations. Health policies should integrate community-based support models and expand access to affordable care to promote long-term wellness.