Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices
Journal Description Research journal Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices (CISSMP) is run by registered research consultancy " Research Consultancy on Social and Management Development" . The consultancy is registered with Security and Exchange Commission of Pakistan under section 1 of the companies act, 2017 (XIX of 2017) with registration Number 0220469. Read More
Research Consultancy on Social and Managment Development
Contemporary Issues in Social Sciences and Management Practices (CISSMP) licenses published works under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC) 4.0 license.
Personal and Contextual Factors Associated with Female Students’ Academic Decision-Making in Government Girls’ Colleges in Punjab, Pakistan: A Correlational Study
The present study investigated the personal and contextual factors related to informed academic decision making of second year intermediate students of government girls' colleges in Punjab, Pakistan. Contextual domain included familial support and academic autonomy, socio-cultural constraints, economic constraints, and institutional support and career guidance. A quantitative cross sectional correlational design was used. The data were gathered from 833 respondents from eight government girls colleges and the study constructs were measured using composite scales of 6 items each on a 5-point likert scale. Descriptive statistics and two-tailed Pearson product–moment correlations were calculated. The highest construct mean (M = 3.518, SD = 0.968) was for personal and psychological factors, followed by institutional support and career guidance (M = 3.502, SD = 0.974), familial support and academic autonomy (M = 3.497, SD = 0.980), and informed academic decision-making (M = 3.504, SD = 0.998). Personal factors, familial factors and institutional factors were positively related to informed academic decision making, while socio-cultural constraints and economic constraints were negatively related to informed academic decision making, for all p values were less than .001. The results show that the academic choices of female students are a result of the interplay between personal factors, family factors, institutional factors and broader socio-cultural and economic factors
Copyright (c) 2026 Hifsa Aslam , Uzma Munawar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Revising the Constitution: From Civilian Governance to Centralized Power (1997-1999)
The years 1997 to 1999 represent a critical juncture in Pakistan’s Constitutional history. This phase commonly referred to as the “Nawaz Sharif Era” was marked by an unprecedented wave of amendments passed by a government with a two-thirds (2/3) Parliamentary majority. Unlike earlier phases of constitutional change driven by military rule, this era saw an elected civilian government attempting to reshape the balance of power within the 1973 Constitution. This paper examines the political motives, legal consequences, and democratic impact of the 13th ,14th, 15th, and 16th Amendments. The Thirteen Revision revoked the President’s Constitutional powers to dissolve the National Assembly and appoint military chiefs, shifting authority to Parliament. The 14th reforms enforced party discipline through anti-defection laws. The 15th revision or Shariat Bill, sought to declare the Quran and Sunnah as the ultimate source of law. Finally, 16th modification extended quota system in public services. The findings suggest that while these amendments strengthened Parliamentary supremacy, they also concentrated power in the office of the Prime Minister, thereby reshaping the distribution of power among the executive, legislature, and judiciary in Pakistan. Thus, the Nawaz Sharif Era marks a significant Shift from institutional equilibrium toward executive dominance
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Shaheen, Samia Jabeen , Farah Zaheer https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Perceived Gender Discrimination, Benevolent Sexism, and Women’s Collective Political Action Intentions: The Mediating Role of Gender-Based Anger
This study examined how perceived gender discrimination and benevolent sexism shape women’s collective political action intentions through the mediating role of gender-based anger. Drawing on the Social Identity Model of Collective Action and Ambivalent Sexism Theory, the study aimed to explain whether women’s recognition of gender inequality and exposure to protective sexist beliefs influence their willingness to engage in collective political action. A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was used, and data were collected from 478 female students enrolled in six public universities in Lahore and Islamabad. The data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4 through measurement model, structural model, and mediation analysis. The findings showed that perceived gender discrimination positively predicted gender-based anger and collective political action intentions, whereas benevolent sexism negatively predicted both. Gender-based anger also positively predicted collective political action intentions and partially mediated both relationships. The findings highlight the need to challenge subtle sexist ideologies and strengthen women’s emotional and political mobilization against gender inequality
Copyright (c) 2025 Rawaha Arshad, Bilal Ahmad , Muhammad Usman Arshad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Psychological Drivers of Financial Misreporting: A Study of Personality, Risk-Taking, and Ethical Culture in Pakistan's Corporate Sector
Financial reporting irregularity is still a serious issue to market stability, especially in new emerging economies, where structural governance is often limited. This study aims to shed light on the psychological motives for creative accounting practices (CAP) in Pakistan's corporate world, transcending the conventional focus on institutional explanations. Specifically, it investigates the direct relationships between the Big Five personality traits and CAP, the mediating role of risk-taking behaviour, and the moderating role of the boundary condition of organizational ethical culture. The design used was quantitative cross sectional based on the Trait Activation Theory. The primary data was collected by using structured online survey from 690 accounting, finance and audit professionals around Pakistan. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used as the method for testing the hypothesized moderated mediation framework. Findings indicate that Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Openness to Experience are important positive predictors of CAP. The findings of this study suggest that financial misreporting can be prevented if regulatory compliance is the only focus. Behavioral risk profiling needs to be incorporated into the recruitment process for sensitive positions, and proactive steps need to be taken to create positive ethical climates to help extinguish opportunistic behaviours within organizations
Copyright (c) 2026 Sajid Mushtaq, Khalil Ur Rehman https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Entrepreneurial Marketing, Market Orientation, and Entrepreneurial Leadership as Predictors of SME Competitive Performance: The Mediating Role of Marketing Agility
This study examines the effects of entrepreneurial marketing, market orientation, and entrepreneurial leadership on SME competitive performance. It also investigates the mediating role of marketing agility in explaining how marketing, entrepreneurial, and managerial capabilities contribute to improved competitive outcomes in small and medium-sized enterprises. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected through a structured questionnaire from SME owners, managers, and marketing decision-makers. Established measurement scales were used to measure entrepreneurial marketing, market orientation, entrepreneurial leadership, marketing agility, and SME competitive performance. The collected data were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling to examine the direct and mediating relationships among the study variables. The results revealed that entrepreneurial marketing, market orientation, and entrepreneurial leadership had significant positive effects on marketing agility. This study contributes to marketing, entrepreneurship, and management literature by integrating entrepreneurial marketing, market orientation, and entrepreneurial leadership into a single framework for explaining SME competitive performance. By identifying marketing agility as a mediating mechanism, the study provides a contemporary explanation of how entrepreneurial and market-based capabilities are transformed into competitive advantage
Copyright (c) 2026 Sonia Rehmat, Khansa Masood , Fahmeed Idrees https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Role of Body Shaming on Students’ Self-Esteem at University Level
Body shaming is a worldwide issue which is increasing rapidly in young adults due to the emergence of social media trends and cultural beauty norms. Body shaming affects the overall mental health of students including self-esteem. This research aims to study the prevalence of body shaming, to examine the role of body shaming on students’ self-esteem, to examine the forms of body shaming, and to study the prevalence of body shaming with respect to demographic variables. A self-constructed questionnaire was used to collect data from a sample of 410 students from 3 public universities of Multan through convenient sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The conclusions drawn from the result revealed significant positive relationships among prevalence of body shaming, it’s various forms, and overall body shaming. Moreover, prevalence of body shaming significantly negatively predicts self-esteem. Similarly, fat/thin shaming also emerged as a significant negative predictor of self-esteem. Skin shaming was found to be a significant but weaker negative predictor of self-esteem, whereas hair shaming did not significantly predict self-esteem.
Body shaming, Self-esteem, Prevalence, Fat shaming, Thin shaming, Skin shaming, Hair shaming, University
Copyright (c) 2026 Ayesha Naseem, Hina Munir, Khadeeja https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Examine the effect of market size on Foreign Direct Investment inflow: Evidence from Afghanistan economy
This study was conducted to scrutinize the effect of market size on Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflow in Afghanistan (2001-2023) and employed an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model for estimation. This study found that GDP per capita, financial development, inflation rate, population growth (POP), and political stability (PS) have an optimistic and significant effect of FDI inflow in the long run (LR). However, all the variables included in the model have insignificant effect on FDI in the short run (SR). The ECM value shows the 57% rate of convergence to LR equilibrium and the bound test rejects the null hypothesis , meaning that there is an exit from the LR cointegration. Therefore, the market size has significantly contributed to the FDI inflow. Based on the result, this study recommended, to enhance FDI, the government should expand market size (MSz), and financial development, while, lower inflation and political instability in order to attract FDI.
Market size; financial development; population growth; inflation rate; political stability
Copyright (c) 2026 Zia Ur Rehman, Muhammad Fayaz, Sania Zaheer Ali https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Talent Management and Organizational Performance in Higher Education: Mediating Roles of Employees’ Resilience and Organizational Culture
This article examines the impact of talent management on organizational performance in public sector higher education institutions in the southern region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. It particularly considers whether employees’ resilience and organizational culture mediate the relationship between talent management practices and organizational performance. The article is extracted and condensed from a doctoral thesis that investigated talent acquisition, talent development, talent engagement and talent retention as major dimensions of talent management. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey design was used. The population comprised teachers working in higher education institutions in the selected region. A total of 287 questionnaires were distributed and 266 valid responses were analyzed. The instrument measured seven constructs: talent acquisition, talent development, talent engagement, talent retention, employees’ resilience, organizational culture and organizational performance, using five-point Likert scale items adapted from prior research. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, Hayes process mediation analysis and group difference tests. The results show that all talent management dimensions are positively associated with organizational performance. The regression model explained 52.9% of the variance in organizational performance. Talent acquisition, talent development, talent engagement, talent retention, employees’ resilience and organizational culture each demonstrated significant positive effects.
Talent Management; Talent Acquisition; Talent Development; Talent Engagement; Talent Retention; Employees’ Resilience; Organizational Culture; Organizational Performance; Higher Education; Pakistan
Copyright (c) 2026 Umer Nooh Wazir https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Multidimensional Analysis of Fear, Patience, and Gratitude as Predictors of Students' Emotional Stability and Social Adjustment
The current research conducts an exploration on fear, patience, and gratitude as multidimensional predictors of emotional stability and social adjustment in Pakistani university students. The research was based on the positive psychology and Islamic psychological tradition and fills the gap in the literature on the joint effects of these constructs on the mental health outcomes of students in South Asian higher education. A purposive sample of N = 300 students of the University of Sargodha was used to conduct a quantitative cross-sectional research design. Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and multiple regression through the IBM SPSS Statistics were used to analyze standardized self-report scales. The alpha coefficients of Cronbach showed acceptable to good internal consistency in all measures (alpha =.704-804). Mean levels showed moderate levels of all constructs. The Pearson correlation analysis showed that emotional stability (r = .494, p <.001) and social adjustment (r =.157, p <.01) were strongly correlated with patience and significantly predicted. Gratitude showed strong positive correlation with emotional stability (r =.346, p <.001) but not with social adjustment. Fear also had a small but significant positive correlation with social adjustment ( r =.160, p <.01) and non significant correlation with emotional stability. Multiple regression analysis showed that fear, patience, and gratitude collectively explained 27.9% of variance in emotional stability (R² = .279, F(3,296) = 38.23, p < .001) and 7.5% of variance in social adjustment (R² = .075, F(3,296) = 7.99, p < .001).
Copyright (c) 2026 Batool Fatima, Hafiz Muhammad Hammad , Waleed Manzoor https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Influence of Social Cohesion, Community Participation, and Organizational Image on Rural Youth Engagement in Development Programs: The Mediating Role of Organizational Trust in Pakistan
Rural youth engagement is essential for the success and sustainability of community development initiatives. However, many development programs in Pakistan face challenges in attracting and retaining active youth participation, limiting their long-term effectiveness and impact. While previous studies have highlighted the importance of community dynamics and organizational factors in fostering engagement, limited research has examined how sociological and marketing-related factors jointly influence rural youth involvement through organizational trust. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of social cohesion, community participation, and organizational image on rural youth engagement in development programs, with organizational trust serving as a mediating variable. A quantitative cross-sectional research design was employed. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire from 450 rural youth participating in development programs across rural areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was utilized to assess the measurement model, examine the hypothesized relationships, and test the mediating role of organizational trust. Furthermore, organizational trust had a significant positive effect on rural youth engagement and partially mediated the relationships between the independent variables and engagement
Copyright (c) 2026 Chahat Kashan Raza, Naik Muhammad Khan , Muhammad Naeem Anjum https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Reconfiguring Political Participation: Youth Engagement in the Digital Era
Digital age has radically changed the way youth interacts in politics. Youth - the term usually describes people in their late teens and 20s - have new avenues to express themselves, develop mutual action and influence the society with the help of online technologies. With social media, messaging apps, online petitions, e government portals, it makes the participation more expansive, involving more than the customary rallies and elections. This report is a review of contemporary scholarly works concerning this change, which is discovered to focus on key mechanisms (mobilization, deliberation, identity formation, networked publics, slacktivism, activism) and theoretical approaches (political opportunity structures, resource mobilization, network theory, affordances theory, medialization, digital citizenship, youth political socialization) to explain the digital youth engagement. The Pakistani examples demonstrate these trends: urban young people discuss the governance issues more openly with the help of Twitter and Facebook than those in rural areas, whereas online campaigns (e.g. #JusticeForNaqib) demonstrate that the digital mobilization can cause street action and draw not only attention but also policies. The report ends with research gaps (e.g. long-term effect of online campaigns, platform-specific research, youth involvement in policy development) and policy implications (expanding connectivity and digital literacy, protecting internet freedoms, facilitating e-participation activities)
Digital Divide, Echo Chambers, Social Networks
Copyright (c) 2024 Sajida Feroze , Asiya Saif Alvi https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Transformational Leadership on Workplace Diversity and Inclusion: The Role of Organizational Culture and Justice
The present study explores the impact of transformational leadership on workplace diversity and inclusion, over mediating role of organizational culture and justice in higher education institutions context in southern region, KP, Pakistan. The data was collection through secondary and primary sources and analysis was conducted using statistical procedures to test direct and indirect relationships among variables. The results validate that transformational leadership has significant effect upon workplace diversity and inclusion and organizational culture and justice were found to mediate this relationship. The findings suggested that transformational leaders play critical role in shaping inclusive cultures by promoting values and justice. These results have practical implications for leadership development programs, and educational policy mainly in regions with socio-cultural complexities such as KP. By fostering the equitable treatment and inclusive practices, the higher educational leaders can improve the faculty engagement, enhance organizational performance and reduce discrimination overwhelmed at the desired leading outcome. The future research may explore the longitudinal effects and extend the study towards other sectors for comparative analysis in order to compare the diverse outcome and contribute the knowledge from different dimensions
Copyright (c) 2024 Shafqat Ullah , Irfan Ullah Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Financial Literacy and Overconfidence Bias on Investment Decision-Making Behavior: The Mediating Role of Psychological Well-Being
Behavioral finance theory suggests that investors’ financial decisions are influenced not only by rational evaluation but also by psychological and emotional factors. This study examines the impact of financial literacy and overconfidence bias on investment decision-making behavior, with psychological well-being acting as a mediating variable among individual investors. Financial literacy enhances investors’ ability to understand financial information and make informed investment choices, whereas overconfidence bias may lead individuals to overestimate their knowledge and underestimate investment risks. Psychological well-being is proposed as a mediating factor because emotionally stable and psychologically healthy individuals are more likely to make balanced and rational financial decisions. The study adopts a quantitative research design using survey data collected from individual investors. Statistical techniques such as correlation analysis, regression analysis, and mediation analysis will be employed to test the proposed relationships among the variables. The findings are expected to extend the literature on behavioral finance by explaining how psychological well-being influences the relationship between cognitive biases and investment decision-making behavior. The study may also provide practical implications for investors, financial institutions, and policymakers in developing strategies that improve financial awareness and psychologically informed investment practices
Copyright (c) 2026 Saqlain Abbas, Arroj Imtiaz , Qazi Rehmatullah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Intersection of Destiny and Free Will in Paulo Coelho’s ‘Alchemist’: A Jungian Psychological Approach
This paper analyzes The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho using the Jungian psychology approach in the connection between fate and free will in the story of Santiago. Based on the ideas of Jung that came to mind during his work in terms of the Self, archetypes, individuation, and synchronicity, the study holds the view that the novel forms the idea of destiny not as something external and predetermined, but as a psychological calling. The discussion is done through qualitative, interpretive textual analysis which reveals how the repeated dream and the concept on the Personal Legend imagined by Santiago can be interpreted as the teleological attraction of the Self to completeness. Certain people like Melchizedek and the alchemist are perceived as archetypes of Wise Old Man, and ordeals, bleak moments, fright etc are interpreted as having to confront the Shadow. It is also shown in the analysis that the move of Santiago is based on the conscious decisions that are risky which proves that free will is the active execution of the ego to cooperate with the Self instead of its denial. The article concludes that The Alchemist puts a spin on individuation as the place where destiny and free will meet, and it is implied that Jungian reading complements an already existing spiritual and motivational interpretations by placing the novel in a psychology model of inner evolution
Copyright (c) 2026 Fawad Ali, Sana ul Adil Ali , Hadia Ahmad Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
A Quantitative Study of Slow Living: Mindfulness, Spirituality and Perceived Stress
This study employed a correlational research methodology. Convenient sampling was utilized, and the sample consisted of 73 individuals: 50 females (65%), 13 males (16%), and 10 others (13%). The study measured the constructs using the Spirituality Perspective Scale (SPS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Lifestyle Questions, and Cognitive and Affective Mindfulness Scale-Revised (CAMS-R). There was no significant correlation found between any of the study factors and the outcome variable. Spirituality, mindfulness, and lifestyle are the predictor variables that adversely but not substantially predicted perceived stress (F (3, 68),.998, p =.399), indicating that the four elements under investigation do not significantly affect the level of perceived stress in the overall model. Furthermore, R2 =.04 indicates that the model accounts for 0.4% of the variation in perceived stress. Because of sample size and additional theoretical and data-driven considerations in this specific sample, none of the model's components, either separately or collectively, significantly affect the outcome variable
Copyright (c) 2026 Nadia Arif , Chris Young https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Influence of Environmental Deprivation and Socioeconomic Inequality on Waterborne Disease Burden among Informal Urban Settlements
Rapid urbanization and environmental degradation have intensified public health inequalities in informal urban settlements, particularly regarding access to safe water, sanitation, and healthy living conditions. This quantitative study examined the influence of environmental deprivation and socioeconomic inequality on the burden of waterborne diseases among residents of informal urban settlements. The study investigated how poor environmental conditions, including inadequate sanitation infrastructure, unsafe water sources, overcrowding, waste accumulation, and limited drainage systems, contributed to the prevalence of water-related illnesses. Additionally, the research assessed the role of socioeconomic inequality in shaping differential exposure to environmental health risks and healthcare access. The study further demonstrated that low-income populations faced disproportionate environmental and health risks due to structural inequalities and inadequate urban governance. The findings highlight the interconnected nature of poverty, environmental injustice, and public health disparities in informal settlements. The study recommends inclusive urban health policies, improved sanitation infrastructure, equitable resource distribution, and community-based environmental interventions to reduce waterborne disease burdens among vulnerable urban populations
Copyright (c) 2026 Saadat Ali, Furqan Yaseen , Taimoor Iftikhar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Negotiating Climate Vulnerability: A Sociological Exploration of WASH Inequalities and Community Adaptation Strategies in Climate-Stressed Rural Settlements
Climate change has significantly intensified challenges related to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) in rural communities, particularly in regions already affected by poverty, social exclusion, and inadequate infrastructure. This qualitative study explored how climate vulnerability intersects with social inequality to shape unequal access to WASH services in climate-stressed rural settlements. Using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and community narratives, the study examined the lived experiences of households facing water scarcity, sanitation insecurity, droughts, floods, and declining environmental resources. The findings revealed that marginalized groups, particularly low-income households, women, and geographically isolated communities, experienced disproportionate WASH-related hardships during climate stress.. Despite limited resources, strong social networks and community cooperation played a critical role in supporting local adaptation efforts. However, the findings indicated that many adaptation practices remained temporary and insufficient without long-term policy support and inclusive governance mechanisms. The study concludes that addressing WASH inequalities in climate-vulnerable rural settlements requires socially inclusive, community-centered, and climate-responsive governance approaches that prioritize equity, resilience, and sustainable rural development
Copyright (c) 2025 Furqan Yaseen, Saadat Ali , Taimoor Iftikhar https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Introspection and the Limits of Physicalism in Consciousness Studies: Toward an Analytic Idealist Framework
Consciousness represents one of the greatest philosophical and cognitive scientific problems to date. Contemporary neuroscience and artificial intelligence have been immensely successful in describing neural mechanisms and behavior, yet the subjective, qualitative essence of conscious experience remains difficult to explain within either discipline. It is argued here that functionalist and physicalist approaches are fundamentally flawed because they are largely based on third-person methodologies and fail to accommodate the first-person nature of consciousness. Phenomenological introspection is utilized to examine aspects of conscious experience such as intentionality, temporality, self-consciousness and the human quest for meaning. It then looks at the dimension of consciousness' existential meaning as analyzed in phenomenology and existential philosophy. It is further argued that the human search for meaning is a constitutive aspect of consciousness, rather than an accidental evolutionary byproduct. The present inquiry provides a framework for addressing these questions via the metaphysical approach of Analytic Idealism. The metaphysical argument offered is that consciousness is ontologically primary and the external world represents the appearance of these internal processes. In conclusion, the study contends that the field of consciousness studies can best be advanced through a dual approach of empirical research combined with first-person introspective inquiry, as well as a metaphysics which positions consciousness as fundamental
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Javid, Muhammad Jawwad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Mediating Effect of Self Silencing and Cultural Expectations in Social Isolation and Psychological Well Being Of Established Adult Women Having Anuptaphobia
Initially, this study aimed to examine mediation between social isolation and psychological well being by self silencing and cultural expectations. The purposive sample in this study comprised of 390 adult established women aged 30-45. The participants completed the self-report demographic and standardized measures assessing fear of being single, social isolation, psychological well-being, self silencing, and perceived cultural expectations. Data was collected through mobile app that was especially designed for this study. For the data analysis, descriptive statistics, correlational procedures, regression technique, and mediation analysis were applied. Results depicted partial mediation between fear of being single and psychological well being, while taking self silencing and perceived cultural expectations as mediators. This study imply the critical role of self silencing behaviors, cultural expectations, and social isolation on the psychological well being of adult established women with anuptaphobia. Similarly, employment status, limited socioeconomic resources, lower level of education, and reduced income were associated with anupaphobia. Birth order and family system were also associated with anuptaphobia, women from collectivistic culture or extended family systems, often encounter greater societal pressure and closer scrutiny concerning marriage. The implications of this for the future research as well as bringing targeted clinical intervention for established adult women with anuptaphobia.
Copyright (c) 2026 Kiran Tahir, Syeda Farhana Kazmi, Israr Muhammad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Workplace Social Inclusion and Workplace Social Support on the Work Performance of Employees with Disabilities
This study investigated the impact of workplace social inclusion and workplace social support on the work performance of employees with disabilities in the private manufacturing sector of Punjab, Pakistan. Drawing on social inclusion theory and social support theory, the study examined how inclusive organizational practices and supportive workplace relationships influenced the performance outcomes of employees with disabilities. A quantitative research design was employed, and data were collected from 798 employees with disabilities working in private manufacturing firms across Punjab. A stratified sampling technique ensured representation from major industrial cities, including Lahore, Faisalabad, Sialkot, Gujranwala, and Gujrat. Data were gathered using structured questionnaires based on validated scales measuring workplace social inclusion, workplace social support, and work performance. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results indicated that both workplace social inclusion and workplace social support had significant positive effects on the work performance of employees with disabilities. Employees who experienced higher levels of inclusion and support in the workplace demonstrated better job performance. Furthermore, workplace social inclusion emerged as a stronger predictor of performance compared to social support, highlighting the critical role of inclusive organizational environments
Work Performance Employees with Disabilities
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Adnan, Aliya Khalid https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure: A Systematic Literature Review at Organizational and Individual Levels
This study aims to review quantitative literature on the drivers of CSR disclosure from the two perspectives and analyze the differences and implications of the various factors to the theory and practice. This study uses a systematic literature review of forty empirical articles published in ABS journals between the years 2000 and 2024. It employs databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, SAGE, and others to source literature on factors influencing CSR disclosure. This study organizes determinants of CSR disclosure into organizational and personal factors. It shows how both levels substantially affect CSR practices and, more specifically, the role of individual-level factors that have received less attention. The organizational factors are governance mechanisms and regulatory compliance, and the individual factors are managerial values and leadership. This study is mainly based on ABS-ranked journals’ empirical articles, meaning that some valuable findings from grey literature or non-ABS publications may be excluded. Subsequent research can extend this research to include these sources and examine the intermediate variables, moderating variables, and different settings to enhance the knowledge of CSR disclosure. This study conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis, contributes to the literature on CSR disclosure determinants, and offers a reference framework for extensional studies and applications across various types of organizations
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Raza Zafar , Muhammad Shaukat Malik https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Green Human Resource Management on Corporate Environmental Sustainability: Mediating Role of Pro-Environmental Behavior and Moderating Role of Green Psychological Climate
The purpose of the study is to examine how the green human resource management, pro-environmental behavior, and green psychological climate affect corporate environmental sustainability within the Pakistani manufacturing companies. The study proposed various hypotheses based on the existing literature and theories. The research employed an online survey to collect information about 350 workers in manufacturing companies in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad. Structural equation modelling was applied in the analysis of the empirical data of the study. The findings revealed that the pro-environmental behavior is positively influenced by green HRM practices ( = 0.55, p = < 0.001). There is a strong effect of pro-environmental behavior on the environmental sustainability of corporations (= 0.48, = 0.001). The effect of green HRM practices on corporate environmental sustainability (indirect effect = 0.26, p < 0.001) is partially mediated by pro-environmental behavior. Green psychological climate also plays a great role in moderating the effect of green HRM practices on pro-environmental behavior ( = 0.28, p < 0.001). The study can be used to contribute to the body of environmental management literature by fostering the green behavior of employees in the situation of an emerging economy
Green Human Resource Management, Pro-Environmental Behavior, Corporate Environmental Sustainability
Copyright (c) 2025 Saad Saif , Waqas Ahmad https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Foundations of Green Consumption: How Environmental Awareness and Green Marketing Foster Trust and Environmental Concern
This research investigates the relationship of environmental awareness (ENAW) and green marketing (GM) as determinants of green consumption behavior (GCB) through the mediating roles of customer trust (CT) and environmental concern (ENVC). Although sustainability is increasing in relevance, limited empirical evidence has documented how these factors collectively influence consumers' behavior in developing economies. Using the Theory of Planned Behavior and Signaling Theory, survey data collected from 300 Pakistani consumers and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The results indicate that ENAW and GM have significant positive influences on CT and ENVC, which are positive predictors of GCB. Specifically, ENVC was found the strongest predictor of pro-environmental behavior. CT also decreased skepticism and increased confidence in green marketing claims. Mediation analyses indicated that awareness and marketing indirectly influence GCB through trust and concern. This study provides insights into the psychological mechanisms that influence sustainable consumption, as well as useful knowledge for policymakers and practitioners to develop credible and emotionally engaging approaches that foster green behaviors in developing markets.
Environmental Awareness, Green Marketing, Customer Trust, Environmental Concern, Green Consumption Behavior
Copyright (c) 2025 Saad Saif, Kiran Bano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Digital Green Advertising and Green Purchase Intention: Considering Attitude toward the Ad as a mechanism and Moderating Role of Environmental Concern
This study examines how digital green advertising, attitude toward advertisements, environmental concern, and advertising appeal types influence consumers’ green purchase intention in Pakistan. It contributes to digital green marketing literature by focusing on an emerging-market context. Data were collected through an online survey of 450 respondents from Lahore, Karachi, and Islamabad. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling and PROCESS macro analysis. Digital green advertising positively influenced attitude toward the advertisement (β = 0.42, p < 0.001), while attitude toward the advertisement significantly enhanced green purchase intention (β = 0.51, p < 0.001). Attitude toward the advertisement partially mediated the relationship between digital green advertising and green purchase intention (indirect effect = 0.21, p < 0.01). Environmental concern also moderated the attitude–intention relationship (interaction β = 0.38, p < 0.001), with the effect being stronger among consumers with high environmental concern (β = 0.68) than those with low environmental concern (β = 0.34). Among the advertising appeal types, emotional appeals had the strongest effect on consumer attitude (β = 0.48, p < 0.001), followed by normative appeals (β = 0.35, p < 0.05) and informational appeals (β = 0.31, p < 0.05). The model explained 42% of the variance in green purchase intention. The findings show that digital green advertising can strengthen green purchase intention by shaping favorable attitudes toward advertisements, particularly among environmentally concerned consumers. The study also highlights the importance of emotional appeals in green advertising campaigns. By examining these relationships in Pakistan, this research extends green marketing knowledge in the context of a developing South Asian economy.
Digital Green Advertising; Attitude toward the Advertisement; Environmental Concern
Copyright (c) 2026 Saad Saif, Sadaf Amjab, Kiran Bano https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Psychological Ownership, Sustainable Work Environment, and Green HR Practices on Employee Engagement: Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment
In recent years, organizations in Pakistan have increasingly emphasized sustainability practices; however, effectively engaging employees remains a persistent challenge. In particular, insufficient attention to employees’ psychological attachment to the organization often limits the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the impact of psychological ownership, sustainable work environment, and green HR practices on employee engagement, with the mediating role of organizational commitment. This study adopts a quantitative research design, collecting data through structured questionnaires from employees working across various sectors in Pakistan. Established measurement scales were employed, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the proposed relationships. The findings reveal that psychological ownership, sustainable work environment, and green HR practices all have a significant positive effect on employee engagement. Furthermore, organizational commitment partially mediates these relationships, indicating that employees who feel a stronger sense of ownership and experience supportive sustainability practices are more likely to develop emotional attachment, which in turn enhances their engagementIn recent years, organizations in Pakistan have increasingly emphasized sustainability practices; however, effectively engaging employees remains a persistent challenge. In particular, insufficient attention to employees’ psychological attachment to the organization often limits the effectiveness of sustainability initiatives. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the impact of psychological ownership, sustainable work environment, and green HR practices on employee engagement, with the mediating role of organizational commitment. This study adopts a quantitative research design, collecting data through structured questionnaires from employees working across various sectors in Pakistan. Established measurement scales were employed, and the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling to test the proposed relationships. The findings reveal that psychological ownership, sustainable work environment, and green HR practices all have a significant positive effect on employee engagement. Furthermore, organizational commitment partially mediates these relationships, indicating that employees who feel a stronger sense of ownership and experience supportive sustainability practices are more likely to develop emotional attachment, which in turn enhances their engagement.
Psychological Ownership, Sustainable Work Environment, Green HR Practices Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment
Copyright (c) 2025 Hajra Khan, Arroj Imtiaz , Riaz Hussain Shah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Relationships Among Digital Leadership, Crisis Management and Competitive Performance: Mediating Role of Career Development
This research study aimed to examine the intricate associations between digital leadership, crisis management, and competitiveness in higher education institutions by specifically looking at the mediating variables of career development. With the digital revolution occurring at the fast pace, and frequent upheavals in the higher education institutions, digitally competent leadership is becoming essential in universities as they find ways of weathering the storm whilst maintaining competitive edge. Thus, using leadership theory, crisis management literature, and literature on the digital transformation, the research hypothesizes that digital leadership improves the crisis management outcomes of institutions, as it leads to agile decision-making, technological flexibility, and innovative oriented cultures that also lead to competitive performance. Moreover, study claims that career development prospects and digital interaction are key psychological and behavioral processes where the digital leadership is to be transformed into actual crisis response and long-term performance outcomes that are aimed to be examined in the current study. The quantitative research design was applied, with data on surveys done on teacher in higher education institutions. To test proposed relationships and mediation effects, the statistical tools were used to chase hypothesized relationships.
Digital Leadership, Crisis Management, Competitive Performance, Career Development, Mediation & Higher Education
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Mujeeb Khan, Irfan Ullah Khan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
From Surveillance to Supervision: Supervisory Technology and Government Policies Framework: A Systematic Review of the Literature
An interpretative systematic literature review was conducted which aimed to ascertain how conventional regulatory instruments, such as reporting and databases, have evolved in their approaches to technology (particularly supervisory technology or “SupTech”) via the introduction of Artificial Intelligence, Machine learning and Big Data analytics, hence transforming how regulators create and retain information with respect to regulated entities. The literature review indicated how SupTech enables sectoral regulators to move from the usage of data as a passive source for the collection of information, to actively governing entities with real-time decision-making; using data for automated, authoritative processes. The systematic literature review was conducted under the auspices of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses), with a thorough investigation of peer-reviewed articles, white papers and conference papers from 2000 – 2025 across major scholarly databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore and Google Scholar. In light of the foundational articles, this study provides an understanding of SupTech under the umbrella of important theoretical frameworks related to Sup Tech, which include, inter-alia: Algorithmic Governance and Digital Governmentality.. The conclusion reached is that the required governance needs to balance the new technological innovations with ethical accountability and institutional capability
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Hasnain Ali, Huma Ali , Ahmad Tisman Pasha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
English as Linguistic Capital: A Socio-Cultural Analysis of Language Preference among Pakistani Youth
The present research explores the socio-cultural rationale behind Pakistani youths’ preference of English over their mother tongue in both personal and professional communication. This phenomenon is placed in perspective of the context of globalization and the proliferation of English based on how the global stance of English overlays on the local language practices. The current study is an attempt to investigate the correlation between the language preferences and socio-cultural factors through a quantitative approach. Structured questionnaires are used to collect the data that are examined using SPSS. It is determined that dreams about socio economic mobility, interconnected world, and cultural perceptions influence the preference of the English language with the consequences on the language policy and cultural identity. Empirical evidence of the findings gives solid theoretical arguments that make language a capital and a product of power relations. It also points to the increasing influence of globalization and digital media in transforming linguistic practices within the multilingual societies. These results align with the existing literature on globalization and language use, while also providing context specific insights into the Pakistani sociolinguistic landscape.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Zain ul Islam, Behzad Anwar , Tabassum Iqbal https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Digital Innovation and E-Governance on Sustainable Entrepreneurship: The Role of Business Sophistication in Belt and Road Initiative Countries
This study examines the role of digital innovation and e-governance on sustainable entrepreneurship, with the moderating effect of business sophistication. This research comprises strongly balanced panel data of 73 Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) participating nations from 2011 to 2022. Baseline analysis results suggest the long-term panel analysis such as two-step system GMM is best in this case. Moreover, number of groups are greater than time. While the results robustness is conducted through alternate variables as well with Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR), Dynamic Pooled Ordinary Least Squares (POLS), and Static POLS regression alternate methods. The results of the direct channels show that digital innovation connectivity and e-governance statistically have a significant and positive effect on sustainable entrepreneurship. However, the interaction between business sophistication, digital innovation, and e-governance shows mixed effects, which drive BRI-participating nations to focus more on business-enabling innovative technologies and better governance-driven technology innovation systems to boost sustainable entrepreneurship. Furthermore, globalization and policy shocks, such as China’s digital economy in 2015 and the BRI in 2013, have enhanced sustainable entrepreneurship. In addition, the consumer price index indicates that the inflation rate has a mixed negative effect on sustainable entrepreneurship
Copyright (c) 2026 Shabana Nawaz , Ahmad Tisman Pasha https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
The Impact of Despotic Leadership on Emotional Exhaustion: Mediating Role of Dehumanization and Moderating Role of Organizational Justice
Among the most significant variables are leadership which has been the subject of various scholars over the past several years. Since its beginning, leadership has been viewed through the perspective of emphasizing the good influence of the leaders on the subordinates without paying much attention to the dark side of leadership. In light of this gap, the current study aims to investigate the connection between emotional weariness and autocratic leadership while moderating organizational justice and mediating dehumanization. The sales force survey of the banking sector was used to gather the data for this study, and 820 valid replies were examined. This relationship is somewhat mediated by the discovery that autocratic leadership positively affects emotional weariness and dehumanization. Additionally, organizational justice mitigates the dehumanizing impacts of autocratic leadership. The investigation of dehumanization as a mediator between dictatorial leadership and emotional weariness is novel. The study also looks at the moderating impact of organizational justice on the connections between dehumanization and autocratic leadership. The study also looks at the moderating impact of organizational justice on the connections between dehumanization and autocratic leadership, and there is no scholarly literature on these connections.
Organizational justice, Dehumanization; Despotic leadership, Emotional exhaustion
Copyright (c) 2025 Muhammad Salman, Mula Nazar Khan , Muhammad Wasim https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0