Assad’s Fall, Syrian Military Failure, and Implications for Pakistan

Abstract

This paper aims to assess the factors that led to the overnight ouster of Bashar al-Assad in Syria and Pakistani interests in the changing Middle East. The paper also analyzes the military weaknesses of Assad as he focused on the political loyalty of his troops rather than performance, belittling dependence on foreign allies, and being vulnerable to quick defeat in the face of an opposition led by HTS. As a result, this has also revealed major security threats facing Pakistan, especially the return of the Zainebiyoun brigade fighters and increasing sectarian tensions. On the other hand, identification of major opportunities where Pakistan can exploit its counter-terrorism experience and political influence in the region. Hence, the analysis established the fact that since Syria is steadily heading towards an era of volatility whereby factions struggle to control means of power, Pakistan needs to find balance between the securitization of its economy and strategic interests of an allegoric link between Iran and India for the stability of the region. Therefore, a proactive foreign policy approach is essential for Pakistan to navigate the shifting alliances and power dynamics in the Middle East. Strengthening regional cooperation and intelligence-sharing mechanisms will be crucial to safeguard national interests and maintain internal stability.