Cross Border Migration and Social Transformations: A Qualitative Study of Pakistan-China Migration Dynamics

Abstract

This study explores the experiences, motivations, and social implications of migration between Pakistan and China. It aims to understand how cross-border migration shapes livelihoods, cultural interactions, and community networks from the perspectives of migrants and local stakeholders. A quantitative research design was employed. Data were analyzed using Smart PLS SEM. The study reveals that migration between Pakistan and China is driven by a combination of economic opportunities, educational aspirations, and infrastructural development projects. Migrants navigate complex social, cultural, and bureaucratic challenges, while contributing to knowledge exchange, economic growth, and cross-cultural interactions. Gender roles, family networks, and community support emerged as critical factors shaping the migration experience. Insights from this study can inform policymakers, social planners, and development agencies in designing interventions that support migrants, foster cross-cultural understanding, and ensure equitable socio-economic benefits. The study provides an in-depth quantitative account of Pakistan-China migration, highlighting human experiences, social dynamics, and policy-relevant implications that are often overlooked in quantitative analyses.