Green Human Resource Management and Organizational Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Employee Pro-Environmental Behavior in Manufacturing Firms of Pakistan

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices and organizational sustainability in manufacturing firms in Pakistan, with employee pro-environmental behavior serving as a mediating mechanism. The study focuses on green recruitment and selection, green training and development, and green performance appraisal as key GHRM practices influencing sustainability outcomes. Drawing on the Resource-Based View (RBV) theory, the study posits that environmentally oriented HR practices build valuable human capital that encourages pro-environmental behavior among employees, thereby enhancing organizational sustainability. Data were collected from 280 HR professionals and line managers using a structured questionnaire, and the proposed relationships were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that GHRM practices significantly and positively influence employee pro-environmental behavior, which in turn has a significant positive effect on organizational sustainability. The study contributes to the sustainability and human resource management literature by clarifying the behavioral pathway through which GHRM practices promote sustainable outcomes in a developing-country context.